Alien registration is a foundational aspect of U.S. immigration law, designed to track and document the presence of foreign nationals within the United States. While the term “alien” is a legal term, it simply refers to any person who is not a U.S. citizen or national. The process of alien registration varies depending on an individual’s immigration status and the circumstances of their presence in the U.S. Understanding the requirements and procedures for alien registration is crucial for maintaining lawful status and avoiding potential immigration consequences.

Purpose and Scope of Alien Registration

The primary purpose of alien registration is to maintain a comprehensive record of foreign nationals residing in the United States. This record-keeping facilitates national security, law enforcement, and immigration administration. The registration process aims to:

• Establish and verify the identity of foreign nationals.
• Document the individual’s immigration status and authorized period of stay.
• Track changes in status, such as adjustments of status or changes of address.
• Ensure compliance with U.S. immigration laws.

Who Must Register

Most non-U.S. citizens present in the United States are required to register. This includes:

• Lawful permanent residents (LPRs or Green Card holders).
• Nonimmigrant visa holders (e.g., students, tourists, workers).
• Individuals seeking asylum or refugee status.
• Individuals with temporary protected status (TPS).
• Individuals under certain deferred action programs.

Methods of Registration and Documentation

The methods of alien registration vary depending on an individual’s immigration status. Common forms of registration and documentation include:

• Form I-94, Arrival/Departure Record:
  • This form records an individual’s entry into and departure from the United States.
  • It is typically issued electronically upon arrival at a U.S. port of entry.
  • It documents the individual’s authorized period of stay and immigration status.
• Form I-551, Permanent Resident Card (Green Card):
  • This card serves as proof of lawful permanent resident status.
  • It confirms the individual’s registration as a permanent resident of the United States.
• Form I-797, Notice of Action:
  • This form is issued by USCIS to acknowledge receipt of applications and to provide updates on case status.
  • It can also show approvals of changes of status, or other immigration benefits.
• Form I-766, Employment Authorization Document (EAD):
  • This document authorizes certain foreign nationals to work in the United States.
  • It serves as a form of identification and registration.
• Form I-131, Application for Travel Document:
  • This form is used to obtain travel documents, such as a reentry permit, refugee travel document, or advance parole.
• Form AR-11, Alien’s Change of Address Card:
  • This form is used to report a change of address to USCIS.
  • Most non-U.S. citizens are required to report address changes within 10 days of moving.

Specific Registration Requirements

• Lawful Permanent Residents (LPRs):
  • LPRs are required to carry their Green Card (Form I-551) at all times as proof of their registration.
  • They must also report any change of address to USCIS within 10 days of moving using Form AR-11.
• Nonimmigrant Visa Holders:
  • Nonimmigrant visa holders are required to maintain their I-94 record and comply with the terms of their visa.
  • They must depart the United States before their authorized period of stay expires.
  • They must also report address changes.
• Asylum Seekers and Refugees:
  • Individuals seeking asylum or refugee status are required to register with USCIS and comply with any reporting requirements.
  • They may also be required to obtain an EAD.
• Temporary Protected Status (TPS) Holders:
  • TPS holders are required to register with USCIS and maintain their TPS documentation.
  • They may also be required to obtain an EAD.

Consequences of Non-Compliance

Failure to comply with alien registration requirements can have serious immigration consequences, including:

• Denial of immigration benefits.
• Detention and removal from the United States.
• Inadmissibility for future visa applications.
• Fines and penalties.

Importance of Accurate Information

Providing accurate and complete information during the registration process is crucial. Any false or misleading statements can result in severe penalties.

Resources and Assistance:

• USCIS Website: The USCIS website provides detailed information on alien registration requirements and procedures.
• Immigration Attorneys: Consulting with a qualified immigration attorney is strongly recommended for complex cases or specific questions.